The Broken Thumb: Heuristics in the Fall of Civilization
Most knowledge comes from a rule of thumb, a heuristic, that because a consensus of authorities portrayed to us by our news media and educational and governmental institutions state something to be true, it must, therefore, be true. It's not that we observe for ourselves the events reported in the news, history books, Google searches, or the data that constructs what we call science. Instead, we place trust in authorities telling us what is true. Our knowledge is a proxy, a symbol of our trust in these authorities. We assume these authorities almost always, or at least usually, state the truth and that we can rely on that truth to plan our day-to-day lives. This is the foundation of what we call civilization. You don't have to build most items you use from scratch; you trust an expert to furnish you with that item in exchange for money. You don't have to examine the item you're purchasing and test it yourself or even understand how it works; you can, instead, read revie